cachepc-linux

Fork of AMDESE/linux with modifications for CachePC side-channel attack
git clone https://git.sinitax.com/sinitax/cachepc-linux
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affs.rst (8613B)


      1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
      2
      3=============================
      4Overview of Amiga Filesystems
      5=============================
      6
      7Not all varieties of the Amiga filesystems are supported for reading and
      8writing. The Amiga currently knows six different filesystems:
      9
     10==============	===============================================================
     11DOS\0		The old or original filesystem, not really suited for
     12		hard disks and normally not used on them, either.
     13		Supported read/write.
     14
     15DOS\1		The original Fast File System. Supported read/write.
     16
     17DOS\2		The old "international" filesystem. International means that
     18		a bug has been fixed so that accented ("international") letters
     19		in file names are case-insensitive, as they ought to be.
     20		Supported read/write.
     21
     22DOS\3		The "international" Fast File System.  Supported read/write.
     23
     24DOS\4		The original filesystem with directory cache. The directory
     25		cache speeds up directory accesses on floppies considerably,
     26		but slows down file creation/deletion. Doesn't make much
     27		sense on hard disks. Supported read only.
     28
     29DOS\5		The Fast File System with directory cache. Supported read only.
     30==============	===============================================================
     31
     32All of the above filesystems allow block sizes from 512 to 32K bytes.
     33Supported block sizes are: 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096 bytes. Larger blocks
     34speed up almost everything at the expense of wasted disk space. The speed
     35gain above 4K seems not really worth the price, so you don't lose too
     36much here, either.
     37
     38The muFS (multi user File System) equivalents of the above file systems
     39are supported, too.
     40
     41Mount options for the AFFS
     42==========================
     43
     44protect
     45		If this option is set, the protection bits cannot be altered.
     46
     47setuid[=uid]
     48		This sets the owner of all files and directories in the file
     49		system to uid or the uid of the current user, respectively.
     50
     51setgid[=gid]
     52		Same as above, but for gid.
     53
     54mode=mode
     55		Sets the mode flags to the given (octal) value, regardless
     56		of the original permissions. Directories will get an x
     57		permission if the corresponding r bit is set.
     58		This is useful since most of the plain AmigaOS files
     59		will map to 600.
     60
     61nofilenametruncate
     62		The file system will return an error when filename exceeds
     63		standard maximum filename length (30 characters).
     64
     65reserved=num
     66		Sets the number of reserved blocks at the start of the
     67		partition to num. You should never need this option.
     68		Default is 2.
     69
     70root=block
     71		Sets the block number of the root block. This should never
     72		be necessary.
     73
     74bs=blksize
     75		Sets the blocksize to blksize. Valid block sizes are 512,
     76		1024, 2048 and 4096. Like the root option, this should
     77		never be necessary, as the affs can figure it out itself.
     78
     79quiet
     80		The file system will not return an error for disallowed
     81		mode changes.
     82
     83verbose
     84		The volume name, file system type and block size will
     85		be written to the syslog when the filesystem is mounted.
     86
     87mufs
     88		The filesystem is really a muFS, also it doesn't
     89		identify itself as one. This option is necessary if
     90		the filesystem wasn't formatted as muFS, but is used
     91		as one.
     92
     93prefix=path
     94		Path will be prefixed to every absolute path name of
     95		symbolic links on an AFFS partition. Default = "/".
     96		(See below.)
     97
     98volume=name
     99		When symbolic links with an absolute path are created
    100		on an AFFS partition, name will be prepended as the
    101		volume name. Default = "" (empty string).
    102		(See below.)
    103
    104Handling of the Users/Groups and protection flags
    105=================================================
    106
    107Amiga -> Linux:
    108
    109The Amiga protection flags RWEDRWEDHSPARWED are handled as follows:
    110
    111  - R maps to r for user, group and others. On directories, R implies x.
    112
    113  - W maps to w.
    114
    115  - E maps to x.
    116
    117  - D is ignored.
    118
    119  - H, S and P are always retained and ignored under Linux.
    120
    121  - A is cleared when a file is written to.
    122
    123User id and group id will be used unless set[gu]id are given as mount
    124options. Since most of the Amiga file systems are single user systems
    125they will be owned by root. The root directory (the mount point) of the
    126Amiga filesystem will be owned by the user who actually mounts the
    127filesystem (the root directory doesn't have uid/gid fields).
    128
    129Linux -> Amiga:
    130
    131The Linux rwxrwxrwx file mode is handled as follows:
    132
    133  - r permission will allow R for user, group and others.
    134
    135  - w permission will allow W for user, group and others.
    136
    137  - x permission of the user will allow E for plain files.
    138
    139  - D will be allowed for user, group and others.
    140
    141  - All other flags (suid, sgid, ...) are ignored and will
    142    not be retained.
    143
    144Newly created files and directories will get the user and group ID
    145of the current user and a mode according to the umask.
    146
    147Symbolic links
    148==============
    149
    150Although the Amiga and Linux file systems resemble each other, there
    151are some, not always subtle, differences. One of them becomes apparent
    152with symbolic links. While Linux has a file system with exactly one
    153root directory, the Amiga has a separate root directory for each
    154file system (for example, partition, floppy disk, ...). With the Amiga,
    155these entities are called "volumes". They have symbolic names which
    156can be used to access them. Thus, symbolic links can point to a
    157different volume. AFFS turns the volume name into a directory name
    158and prepends the prefix path (see prefix option) to it.
    159
    160Example:
    161You mount all your Amiga partitions under /amiga/<volume> (where
    162<volume> is the name of the volume), and you give the option
    163"prefix=/amiga/" when mounting all your AFFS partitions. (They
    164might be "User", "WB" and "Graphics", the mount points /amiga/User,
    165/amiga/WB and /amiga/Graphics). A symbolic link referring to
    166"User:sc/include/dos/dos.h" will be followed to
    167"/amiga/User/sc/include/dos/dos.h".
    168
    169Examples
    170========
    171
    172Command line::
    173
    174    mount  Archive/Amiga/Workbench3.1.adf /mnt -t affs -o loop,verbose
    175    mount  /dev/sda3 /Amiga -t affs
    176
    177/etc/fstab entry::
    178
    179    /dev/sdb5	/amiga/Workbench    affs    noauto,user,exec,verbose 0 0
    180
    181IMPORTANT NOTE
    182==============
    183
    184If you boot Windows 95 (don't know about 3.x, 98 and NT) while you
    185have an Amiga harddisk connected to your PC, it will overwrite
    186the bytes 0x00dc..0x00df of block 0 with garbage, thus invalidating
    187the Rigid Disk Block. Sheer luck has it that this is an unused
    188area of the RDB, so only the checksum doesn't match anymore.
    189Linux will ignore this garbage and recognize the RDB anyway, but
    190before you connect that drive to your Amiga again, you must
    191restore or repair your RDB. So please do make a backup copy of it
    192before booting Windows!
    193
    194If the damage is already done, the following should fix the RDB
    195(where <disk> is the device name).
    196
    197DO AT YOUR OWN RISK::
    198
    199  dd if=/dev/<disk> of=rdb.tmp count=1
    200  cp rdb.tmp rdb.fixed
    201  dd if=/dev/zero of=rdb.fixed bs=1 seek=220 count=4
    202  dd if=rdb.fixed of=/dev/<disk>
    203
    204Bugs, Restrictions, Caveats
    205===========================
    206
    207Quite a few things may not work as advertised. Not everything is
    208tested, though several hundred MB have been read and written using
    209this fs. For a most up-to-date list of bugs please consult
    210fs/affs/Changes.
    211
    212By default, filenames are truncated to 30 characters without warning.
    213'nofilenametruncate' mount option can change that behavior.
    214
    215Case is ignored by the affs in filename matching, but Linux shells
    216do care about the case. Example (with /wb being an affs mounted fs)::
    217
    218    rm /wb/WRONGCASE
    219
    220will remove /mnt/wrongcase, but::
    221
    222    rm /wb/WR*
    223
    224will not since the names are matched by the shell.
    225
    226The block allocation is designed for hard disk partitions. If more
    227than 1 process writes to a (small) diskette, the blocks are allocated
    228in an ugly way (but the real AFFS doesn't do much better). This
    229is also true when space gets tight.
    230
    231You cannot execute programs on an OFS (Old File System), since the
    232program files cannot be memory mapped due to the 488 byte blocks.
    233For the same reason you cannot mount an image on such a filesystem
    234via the loopback device.
    235
    236The bitmap valid flag in the root block may not be accurate when the
    237system crashes while an affs partition is mounted. There's currently
    238no way to fix a garbled filesystem without an Amiga (disk validator)
    239or manually (who would do this?). Maybe later.
    240
    241If you mount affs partitions on system startup, you may want to tell
    242fsck that the fs should not be checked (place a '0' in the sixth field
    243of /etc/fstab).
    244
    245It's not possible to read floppy disks with a normal PC or workstation
    246due to an incompatibility with the Amiga floppy controller.
    247
    248If you are interested in an Amiga Emulator for Linux, look at
    249
    250http://web.archive.org/web/%2E/http://www.freiburg.linux.de/~uae/