cachepc-linux

Fork of AMDESE/linux with modifications for CachePC side-channel attack
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hist-v4l2.rst (49311B)


      1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later
      2.. c:namespace:: V4L
      3
      4.. _hist-v4l2:
      5
      6***********************
      7Changes of the V4L2 API
      8***********************
      9
     10Soon after the V4L API was added to the kernel it was criticised as too
     11inflexible. In August 1998 Bill Dirks proposed a number of improvements
     12and began to work on documentation, example drivers and applications.
     13With the help of other volunteers this eventually became the V4L2 API,
     14not just an extension but a replacement for the V4L API. However it took
     15another four years and two stable kernel releases until the new API was
     16finally accepted for inclusion into the kernel in its present form.
     17
     18Early Versions
     19==============
     20
     211998-08-20: First version.
     22
     231998-08-27: The :c:func:`select()` function was introduced.
     24
     251998-09-10: New video standard interface.
     26
     271998-09-18: The ``VIDIOC_NONCAP`` ioctl was replaced by the otherwise
     28meaningless ``O_TRUNC`` :c:func:`open()` flag, and the
     29aliases ``O_NONCAP`` and ``O_NOIO`` were defined. Applications can set
     30this flag if they intend to access controls only, as opposed to capture
     31applications which need exclusive access. The ``VIDEO_STD_XXX``
     32identifiers are now ordinals instead of flags, and the
     33``video_std_construct()`` helper function takes id and
     34transmission arguments.
     35
     361998-09-28: Revamped video standard. Made video controls individually
     37enumerable.
     38
     391998-10-02: The ``id`` field was removed from
     40struct ``video_standard`` and the color subcarrier fields were
     41renamed. The :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYSTD` ioctl was
     42renamed to :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMSTD`,
     43:ref:`VIDIOC_G_INPUT <VIDIOC_G_INPUT>` to
     44:ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT`. A first draft of the
     45Codec API was released.
     46
     471998-11-08: Many minor changes. Most symbols have been renamed. Some
     48material changes to struct v4l2_capability.
     49
     501998-11-12: The read/write directon of some ioctls was misdefined.
     51
     521998-11-14: ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24`` changed to ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24``,
     53and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB32`` changed to ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR32``. Audio
     54controls are now accessible with the
     55:ref:`VIDIOC_G_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` and
     56:ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` ioctls under names starting
     57with ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO``. The ``V4L2_MAJOR`` define was removed from
     58``videodev.h`` since it was only used once in the ``videodev`` kernel
     59module. The ``YUV422`` and ``YUV411`` planar image formats were added.
     60
     611998-11-28: A few ioctl symbols changed. Interfaces for codecs and video
     62output devices were added.
     63
     641999-01-14: A raw VBI capture interface was added.
     65
     661999-01-19: The ``VIDIOC_NEXTBUF`` ioctl was removed.
     67
     68V4L2 Version 0.16 1999-01-31
     69============================
     70
     711999-01-27: There is now one QBUF ioctl, VIDIOC_QWBUF and VIDIOC_QRBUF
     72are gone. VIDIOC_QBUF takes a v4l2_buffer as a parameter. Added
     73digital zoom (cropping) controls.
     74
     75V4L2 Version 0.18 1999-03-16
     76============================
     77
     78Added a v4l to V4L2 ioctl compatibility layer to videodev.c. Driver
     79writers, this changes how you implement your ioctl handler. See the
     80Driver Writer's Guide. Added some more control id codes.
     81
     82V4L2 Version 0.19 1999-06-05
     83============================
     84
     851999-03-18: Fill in the category and catname fields of v4l2_queryctrl
     86objects before passing them to the driver. Required a minor change to
     87the VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL handlers in the sample drivers.
     88
     891999-03-31: Better compatibility for v4l memory capture ioctls. Requires
     90changes to drivers to fully support new compatibility features, see
     91Driver Writer's Guide and v4l2cap.c. Added new control IDs:
     92V4L2_CID_HFLIP, _VFLIP. Changed V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P to _YUV422P,
     93and _YUV411P to _YUV411P.
     94
     951999-04-04: Added a few more control IDs.
     96
     971999-04-07: Added the button control type.
     98
     991999-05-02: Fixed a typo in videodev.h, and added the
    100V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_GRAYED (later V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_GRABBED) flag.
    101
    1021999-05-20: Definition of VIDIOC_G_CTRL was wrong causing a
    103malfunction of this ioctl.
    104
    1051999-06-05: Changed the value of V4L2_CID_WHITENESS.
    106
    107V4L2 Version 0.20 (1999-09-10)
    108==============================
    109
    110Version 0.20 introduced a number of changes which were *not backward
    111compatible* with 0.19 and earlier versions. Purpose of these changes was
    112to simplify the API, while making it more extensible and following
    113common Linux driver API conventions.
    114
    1151. Some typos in ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG`` symbols were fixed. struct v4l2_clip
    116   was changed for compatibility with v4l. (1999-08-30)
    117
    1182. ``V4L2_TUNER_SUB_LANG1`` was added. (1999-09-05)
    119
    1203. All ioctl() commands that used an integer argument now take a pointer
    121   to an integer. Where it makes sense, ioctls will return the actual
    122   new value in the integer pointed to by the argument, a common
    123   convention in the V4L2 API. The affected ioctls are: VIDIOC_PREVIEW,
    124   VIDIOC_STREAMON, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, VIDIOC_S_FREQ,
    125   VIDIOC_S_INPUT, VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT, VIDIOC_S_EFFECT. For example
    126
    127   .. code-block:: c
    128
    129       err = ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_XXX, V4L2_XXX);
    130
    131   becomes
    132
    133   .. code-block:: c
    134
    135       int a = V4L2_XXX; err = ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_XXX, &a);
    136
    1374. All the different get- and set-format commands were swept into one
    138   :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` and
    139   :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl taking a union and a
    140   type field selecting the union member as parameter. Purpose is to
    141   simplify the API by eliminating several ioctls and to allow new and
    142   driver private data streams without adding new ioctls.
    143
    144   This change obsoletes the following ioctls: ``VIDIOC_S_INFMT``,
    145   ``VIDIOC_G_INFMT``, ``VIDIOC_S_OUTFMT``, ``VIDIOC_G_OUTFMT``,
    146   ``VIDIOC_S_VBIFMT`` and ``VIDIOC_G_VBIFMT``. The image format
    147   struct v4l2_format was renamed to struct v4l2_pix_format, while
    148   struct v4l2_format is now the envelopping structure
    149   for all format negotiations.
    150
    1515. Similar to the changes above, the ``VIDIOC_G_PARM`` and
    152   ``VIDIOC_S_PARM`` ioctls were merged with ``VIDIOC_G_OUTPARM`` and
    153   ``VIDIOC_S_OUTPARM``. A ``type`` field in the new struct v4l2_streamparm
    154   selects the respective union member.
    155
    156   This change obsoletes the ``VIDIOC_G_OUTPARM`` and
    157   ``VIDIOC_S_OUTPARM`` ioctls.
    158
    1596. Control enumeration was simplified, and two new control flags were
    160   introduced and one dropped. The ``catname`` field was replaced by a
    161   ``group`` field.
    162
    163   Drivers can now flag unsupported and temporarily unavailable controls
    164   with ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED`` and ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_GRABBED``
    165   respectively. The ``group`` name indicates a possibly narrower
    166   classification than the ``category``. In other words, there may be
    167   multiple groups within a category. Controls within a group would
    168   typically be drawn within a group box. Controls in different
    169   categories might have a greater separation, or may even appear in
    170   separate windows.
    171
    1727. The struct v4l2_buffer ``timestamp`` was
    173   changed to a 64 bit integer, containing the sampling or output time
    174   of the frame in nanoseconds. Additionally timestamps will be in
    175   absolute system time, not starting from zero at the beginning of a
    176   stream. The data type name for timestamps is stamp_t, defined as a
    177   signed 64-bit integer. Output devices should not send a buffer out
    178   until the time in the timestamp field has arrived. I would like to
    179   follow SGI's lead, and adopt a multimedia timestamping system like
    180   their UST (Unadjusted System Time). See
    181   http://web.archive.org/web/\*/http://reality.sgi.com
    182   /cpirazzi_engr/lg/time/intro.html. UST uses timestamps that are
    183   64-bit signed integers (not struct timeval's) and given in nanosecond
    184   units. The UST clock starts at zero when the system is booted and
    185   runs continuously and uniformly. It takes a little over 292 years for
    186   UST to overflow. There is no way to set the UST clock. The regular
    187   Linux time-of-day clock can be changed periodically, which would
    188   cause errors if it were being used for timestamping a multimedia
    189   stream. A real UST style clock will require some support in the
    190   kernel that is not there yet. But in anticipation, I will change the
    191   timestamp field to a 64-bit integer, and I will change the
    192   v4l2_masterclock_gettime() function (used only by drivers) to
    193   return a 64-bit integer.
    194
    1958. A ``sequence`` field was added to struct v4l2_buffer. The ``sequence``
    196   field counts captured frames, it is ignored by output devices. When a
    197   capture driver drops a frame, the sequence number of that frame is skipped.
    198
    199V4L2 Version 0.20 incremental changes
    200=====================================
    201
    2021999-12-23: In struct v4l2_vbi_format the
    203``reserved1`` field became ``offset``. Previously drivers were required
    204to clear the ``reserved1`` field.
    205
    2062000-01-13: The ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_NOT_INTERLACED`` flag was added.
    207
    2082000-07-31: The ``linux/poll.h`` header is now included by
    209``videodev.h`` for compatibility with the original ``videodev.h`` file.
    210
    2112000-11-20: ``V4L2_TYPE_VBI_OUTPUT`` and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y41P`` were
    212added.
    213
    2142000-11-25: ``V4L2_TYPE_VBI_INPUT`` was added.
    215
    2162000-12-04: A couple typos in symbol names were fixed.
    217
    2182001-01-18: To avoid namespace conflicts the ``fourcc`` macro defined in
    219the ``videodev.h`` header file was renamed to ``v4l2_fourcc``.
    220
    2212001-01-25: A possible driver-level compatibility problem between the
    222``videodev.h`` file in Linux 2.4.0 and the ``videodev.h`` file included
    223in the ``videodevX`` patch was fixed. Users of an earlier version of
    224``videodevX`` on Linux 2.4.0 should recompile their V4L and V4L2
    225drivers.
    226
    2272001-01-26: A possible kernel-level incompatibility between the
    228``videodev.h`` file in the ``videodevX`` patch and the ``videodev.h``
    229file in Linux 2.2.x with devfs patches applied was fixed.
    230
    2312001-03-02: Certain V4L ioctls which pass data in both direction
    232although they are defined with read-only parameter, did not work
    233correctly through the backward compatibility layer. [Solution?]
    234
    2352001-04-13: Big endian 16-bit RGB formats were added.
    236
    2372001-09-17: New YUV formats and the
    238:ref:`VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY <VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY>` and
    239:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY <VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY>` ioctls were added.
    240(The old ``VIDIOC_G_FREQ`` and ``VIDIOC_S_FREQ`` ioctls did not take
    241multiple tuners into account.)
    242
    2432000-09-18: ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI`` was added. This may *break
    244compatibility* as the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` and
    245:ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctls may fail now if the
    246struct ``v4l2_fmt`` ``type`` field does not contain
    247``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI``. In the documentation of the struct v4l2_vbi_format`,
    248the ``offset`` field the ambiguous phrase "rising edge" was changed to
    249"leading edge".
    250
    251V4L2 Version 0.20 2000-11-23
    252============================
    253
    254A number of changes were made to the raw VBI interface.
    255
    2561. Figures clarifying the line numbering scheme were added to the V4L2
    257   API specification. The ``start``\ [0] and ``start``\ [1] fields no
    258   longer count line numbers beginning at zero. Rationale: a) The
    259   previous definition was unclear. b) The ``start``\ [] values are
    260   ordinal numbers. c) There is no point in inventing a new line
    261   numbering scheme. We now use line number as defined by ITU-R, period.
    262   Compatibility: Add one to the start values. Applications depending on
    263   the previous semantics may not function correctly.
    264
    2652. The restriction "count[0] > 0 and count[1] > 0" has been relaxed to
    266   "(count[0] + count[1]) > 0". Rationale: Drivers may allocate
    267   resources at scan line granularity and some data services are
    268   transmitted only on the first field. The comment that both ``count``
    269   values will usually be equal is misleading and pointless and has been
    270   removed. This change *breaks compatibility* with earlier versions:
    271   Drivers may return ``EINVAL``, applications may not function correctly.
    272
    2733. Drivers are again permitted to return negative (unknown) start values
    274   as proposed earlier. Why this feature was dropped is unclear. This
    275   change may *break compatibility* with applications depending on the
    276   start values being positive. The use of ``EBUSY`` and ``EINVAL``
    277   error codes with the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl was
    278   clarified. The ``EBUSY`` error code was finally documented, and the
    279   ``reserved2`` field which was previously mentioned only in the
    280   ``videodev.h`` header file.
    281
    2824. New buffer types ``V4L2_TYPE_VBI_INPUT`` and ``V4L2_TYPE_VBI_OUTPUT``
    283   were added. The former is an alias for the old ``V4L2_TYPE_VBI``, the
    284   latter was missing in the ``videodev.h`` file.
    285
    286V4L2 Version 0.20 2002-07-25
    287============================
    288
    289Added sliced VBI interface proposal.
    290
    291V4L2 in Linux 2.5.46, 2002-10
    292=============================
    293
    294Around October-November 2002, prior to an announced feature freeze of
    295Linux 2.5, the API was revised, drawing from experience with V4L2 0.20.
    296This unnamed version was finally merged into Linux 2.5.46.
    297
    2981.  As specified in :ref:`related`, drivers must make related device
    299    functions available under all minor device numbers.
    300
    3012.  The :c:func:`open()` function requires access mode
    302    ``O_RDWR`` regardless of the device type. All V4L2 drivers
    303    exchanging data with applications must support the ``O_NONBLOCK``
    304    flag. The ``O_NOIO`` flag, a V4L2 symbol which aliased the
    305    meaningless ``O_TRUNC`` to indicate accesses without data exchange
    306    (panel applications) was dropped. Drivers must stay in "panel mode"
    307    until the application attempts to initiate a data exchange, see
    308    :ref:`open`.
    309
    3103.  The struct v4l2_capability changed
    311    dramatically. Note that also the size of the structure changed,
    312    which is encoded in the ioctl request code, thus older V4L2 devices
    313    will respond with an ``EINVAL`` error code to the new
    314    :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` ioctl.
    315
    316    There are new fields to identify the driver, a new RDS device
    317    function ``V4L2_CAP_RDS_CAPTURE``, the ``V4L2_CAP_AUDIO`` flag
    318    indicates if the device has any audio connectors, another I/O
    319    capability ``V4L2_CAP_ASYNCIO`` can be flagged. In response to these
    320    changes the ``type`` field became a bit set and was merged into the
    321    ``flags`` field. ``V4L2_FLAG_TUNER`` was renamed to
    322    ``V4L2_CAP_TUNER``, ``V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_OVERLAY`` replaced
    323    ``V4L2_FLAG_PREVIEW`` and ``V4L2_CAP_VBI_CAPTURE`` and
    324    ``V4L2_CAP_VBI_OUTPUT`` replaced ``V4L2_FLAG_DATA_SERVICE``.
    325    ``V4L2_FLAG_READ`` and ``V4L2_FLAG_WRITE`` were merged into
    326    ``V4L2_CAP_READWRITE``.
    327
    328    The redundant fields ``inputs``, ``outputs`` and ``audios`` were
    329    removed. These properties can be determined as described in
    330    :ref:`video` and :ref:`audio`.
    331
    332    The somewhat volatile and therefore barely useful fields
    333    ``maxwidth``, ``maxheight``, ``minwidth``, ``minheight``,
    334    ``maxframerate`` were removed. This information is available as
    335    described in :ref:`format` and :ref:`standard`.
    336
    337    ``V4L2_FLAG_SELECT`` was removed. We believe the select() function
    338    is important enough to require support of it in all V4L2 drivers
    339    exchanging data with applications. The redundant
    340    ``V4L2_FLAG_MONOCHROME`` flag was removed, this information is
    341    available as described in :ref:`format`.
    342
    3434.  In struct v4l2_input the ``assoc_audio``
    344    field and the ``capability`` field and its only flag
    345    ``V4L2_INPUT_CAP_AUDIO`` was replaced by the new ``audioset`` field.
    346    Instead of linking one video input to one audio input this field
    347    reports all audio inputs this video input combines with.
    348
    349    New fields are ``tuner`` (reversing the former link from tuners to
    350    video inputs), ``std`` and ``status``.
    351
    352    Accordingly struct v4l2_output lost its
    353    ``capability`` and ``assoc_audio`` fields. ``audioset``,
    354    ``modulator`` and ``std`` where added instead.
    355
    3565.  The struct v4l2_audio field ``audio`` was
    357    renamed to ``index``, for consistency with other structures. A new
    358    capability flag ``V4L2_AUDCAP_STEREO`` was added to indicated if the
    359    audio input in question supports stereo sound.
    360    ``V4L2_AUDCAP_EFFECTS`` and the corresponding ``V4L2_AUDMODE`` flags
    361    where removed. This can be easily implemented using controls.
    362    (However the same applies to AVL which is still there.)
    363
    364    Again for consistency the struct v4l2_audioout field ``audio`` was renamed
    365    to ``index``.
    366
    3676.  The struct v4l2_tuner ``input`` field was
    368    replaced by an ``index`` field, permitting devices with multiple
    369    tuners. The link between video inputs and tuners is now reversed,
    370    inputs point to their tuner. The ``std`` substructure became a
    371    simple set (more about this below) and moved into struct v4l2_input.
    372    A ``type`` field was added.
    373
    374    Accordingly in struct v4l2_modulator the
    375    ``output`` was replaced by an ``index`` field.
    376
    377    In struct v4l2_frequency the ``port``
    378    field was replaced by a ``tuner`` field containing the respective
    379    tuner or modulator index number. A tuner ``type`` field was added
    380    and the ``reserved`` field became larger for future extensions
    381    (satellite tuners in particular).
    382
    3837.  The idea of completely transparent video standards was dropped.
    384    Experience showed that applications must be able to work with video
    385    standards beyond presenting the user a menu. Instead of enumerating
    386    supported standards with an ioctl applications can now refer to
    387    standards by :ref:`v4l2_std_id <v4l2-std-id>` and symbols
    388    defined in the ``videodev2.h`` header file. For details see
    389    :ref:`standard`. The :ref:`VIDIOC_G_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>` and
    390    :ref:`VIDIOC_S_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>` now take a pointer to this
    391    type as argument. :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYSTD` was
    392    added to autodetect the received standard, if the hardware has this
    393    capability. In struct v4l2_standard an
    394    ``index`` field was added for
    395    :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMSTD`. A
    396    :ref:`v4l2_std_id <v4l2-std-id>` field named ``id`` was added as
    397    machine readable identifier, also replacing the ``transmission``
    398    field. The misleading ``framerate`` field was renamed to
    399    ``frameperiod``. The now obsolete ``colorstandard`` information,
    400    originally needed to distguish between variations of standards, were
    401    removed.
    402
    403    Struct ``v4l2_enumstd`` ceased to be.
    404    :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMSTD` now takes a pointer to a
    405    struct v4l2_standard directly. The
    406    information which standards are supported by a particular video
    407    input or output moved into struct v4l2_input
    408    and struct v4l2_output fields named ``std``,
    409    respectively.
    410
    4118.  The struct :ref:`v4l2_queryctrl <v4l2-queryctrl>` fields
    412    ``category`` and ``group`` did not catch on and/or were not
    413    implemented as expected and therefore removed.
    414
    4159.  The :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl was added to
    416    negotiate data formats as with
    417    :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>`, but without the overhead of
    418    programming the hardware and regardless of I/O in progress.
    419
    420    In struct v4l2_format the ``fmt`` union was
    421    extended to contain struct v4l2_window. All
    422    image format negotiations are now possible with ``VIDIOC_G_FMT``,
    423    ``VIDIOC_S_FMT`` and ``VIDIOC_TRY_FMT``; ioctl. The ``VIDIOC_G_WIN``
    424    and ``VIDIOC_S_WIN`` ioctls to prepare for a video overlay were
    425    removed. The ``type`` field changed to type enum v4l2_buf_type and
    426    the buffer type names changed as follows.
    427
    428
    429    .. flat-table::
    430	:header-rows:  1
    431	:stub-columns: 0
    432
    433	* - Old defines
    434	  - enum v4l2_buf_type
    435	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_CAPTURE``
    436	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE``
    437	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_CODECIN``
    438	  - Omitted for now
    439	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_CODECOUT``
    440	  - Omitted for now
    441	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_EFFECTSIN``
    442	  - Omitted for now
    443	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_EFFECTSIN2``
    444	  - Omitted for now
    445	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_EFFECTSOUT``
    446	  - Omitted for now
    447	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEOOUT``
    448	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OUTPUT``
    449	* - ``-``
    450	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY``
    451	* - ``-``
    452	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_CAPTURE``
    453	* - ``-``
    454	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VBI_OUTPUT``
    455	* - ``-``
    456	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE``
    457	* - ``-``
    458	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT``
    459	* - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_PRIVATE_BASE``
    460	  - ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_PRIVATE`` (but this is deprecated)
    461
    46210. In struct v4l2_fmtdesc a enum v4l2_buf_type field named ``type`` was
    463    added as in struct v4l2_format. The ``VIDIOC_ENUM_FBUFFMT`` ioctl is no
    464    longer needed and was removed. These calls can be replaced by
    465    :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT` with type ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_OVERLAY``.
    466
    46711. In struct v4l2_pix_format the ``depth``
    468    field was removed, assuming applications which recognize the format
    469    by its four-character-code already know the color depth, and others
    470    do not care about it. The same rationale lead to the removal of the
    471    ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_COMPRESSED`` flag. The
    472    ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_SWCONVECOMPRESSED`` flag was removed because drivers
    473    are not supposed to convert images in kernel space. A user library
    474    of conversion functions should be provided instead. The
    475    ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_BYTESPERLINE`` flag was redundant. Applications can
    476    set the ``bytesperline`` field to zero to get a reasonable default.
    477    Since the remaining flags were replaced as well, the ``flags`` field
    478    itself was removed.
    479
    480    The interlace flags were replaced by a enum v4l2_field value in a
    481    newly added ``field`` field.
    482
    483    .. flat-table::
    484	:header-rows:  1
    485	:stub-columns: 0
    486
    487	* - Old flag
    488	  - enum v4l2_field
    489	* - ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_NOT_INTERLACED``
    490	  - ?
    491	* - ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_INTERLACED`` = ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_COMBINED``
    492	  - ``V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED``
    493	* - ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_TOPFIELD`` = ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_ODDFIELD``
    494	  - ``V4L2_FIELD_TOP``
    495	* - ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_BOTFIELD`` = ``V4L2_FMT_FLAG_EVENFIELD``
    496	  - ``V4L2_FIELD_BOTTOM``
    497	* - ``-``
    498	  - ``V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_TB``
    499	* - ``-``
    500	  - ``V4L2_FIELD_SEQ_BT``
    501	* - ``-``
    502	  - ``V4L2_FIELD_ALTERNATE``
    503
    504    The color space flags were replaced by a enum v4l2_colorspace value in
    505    a newly added ``colorspace`` field, where one of
    506    ``V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE170M``, ``V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT878``,
    507    ``V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_M`` or
    508    ``V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_BG`` replaces ``V4L2_FMT_CS_601YUV``.
    509
    51012. In struct v4l2_requestbuffers the
    511    ``type`` field was properly defined as enum v4l2_buf_type. Buffer types
    512    changed as mentioned above. A new ``memory`` field of type
    513    enum v4l2_memory was added to distinguish between
    514    I/O methods using buffers allocated by the driver or the
    515    application. See :ref:`io` for details.
    516
    51713. In struct v4l2_buffer the ``type`` field was
    518    properly defined as enum v4l2_buf_type.
    519    Buffer types changed as mentioned above. A ``field`` field of type
    520    enum v4l2_field was added to indicate if a
    521    buffer contains a top or bottom field. The old field flags were
    522    removed. Since no unadjusted system time clock was added to the
    523    kernel as planned, the ``timestamp`` field changed back from type
    524    stamp_t, an unsigned 64 bit integer expressing the sample time in
    525    nanoseconds, to struct timeval. With the addition
    526    of a second memory mapping method the ``offset`` field moved into
    527    union ``m``, and a new ``memory`` field of type enum v4l2_memory
    528    was added to distinguish between
    529    I/O methods. See :ref:`io` for details.
    530
    531    The ``V4L2_BUF_REQ_CONTIG`` flag was used by the V4L compatibility
    532    layer, after changes to this code it was no longer needed. The
    533    ``V4L2_BUF_ATTR_DEVICEMEM`` flag would indicate if the buffer was
    534    indeed allocated in device memory rather than DMA-able system
    535    memory. It was barely useful and so was removed.
    536
    53714. In struct v4l2_framebuffer the
    538    ``base[3]`` array anticipating double- and triple-buffering in
    539    off-screen video memory, however without defining a synchronization
    540    mechanism, was replaced by a single pointer. The
    541    ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_SCALEUP`` and ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_SCALEDOWN`` flags were
    542    removed. Applications can determine this capability more accurately
    543    using the new cropping and scaling interface. The
    544    ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_CLIPPING`` flag was replaced by
    545    ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_LIST_CLIPPING`` and
    546    ``V4L2_FBUF_CAP_BITMAP_CLIPPING``.
    547
    54815. In struct v4l2_clip the ``x``, ``y``,
    549    ``width`` and ``height`` field moved into a ``c`` substructure of
    550    type struct v4l2_rect. The ``x`` and ``y``
    551    fields were renamed to ``left`` and ``top``, i. e. offsets to a
    552    context dependent origin.
    553
    55416. In struct v4l2_window the ``x``, ``y``,
    555    ``width`` and ``height`` field moved into a ``w`` substructure as
    556    above. A ``field`` field of type enum v4l2_field was added to
    557    distinguish between field and frame (interlaced) overlay.
    558
    55917. The digital zoom interface, including struct ``v4l2_zoomcap``,
    560    struct ``v4l2_zoom``, ``V4L2_ZOOM_NONCAP`` and
    561    ``V4L2_ZOOM_WHILESTREAMING`` was replaced by a new cropping and
    562    scaling interface. The previously unused
    563    struct v4l2_cropcap and struct v4l2_crop
    564    where redefined for this purpose. See :ref:`crop` for details.
    565
    56618. In struct v4l2_vbi_format the
    567    ``SAMPLE_FORMAT`` field now contains a four-character-code as used
    568    to identify video image formats and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY`` replaces
    569    the ``V4L2_VBI_SF_UBYTE`` define. The ``reserved`` field was
    570    extended.
    571
    57219. In struct v4l2_captureparm the type of
    573    the ``timeperframe`` field changed from unsigned long to
    574    struct v4l2_fract. This allows the accurate
    575    expression of multiples of the NTSC-M frame rate 30000 / 1001. A new
    576    field ``readbuffers`` was added to control the driver behaviour in
    577    read I/O mode.
    578
    579    Similar changes were made to struct v4l2_outputparm.
    580
    58120. The struct ``v4l2_performance`` and
    582    ``VIDIOC_G_PERF`` ioctl were dropped. Except when using the
    583    :ref:`read/write I/O method <rw>`, which is limited anyway, this
    584    information is already available to applications.
    585
    58621. The example transformation from RGB to YCbCr color space in the old
    587    V4L2 documentation was inaccurate, this has been corrected in
    588    :ref:`pixfmt`.
    589
    590V4L2 2003-06-19
    591===============
    592
    5931. A new capability flag ``V4L2_CAP_RADIO`` was added for radio devices.
    594   Prior to this change radio devices would identify solely by having
    595   exactly one tuner whose type field reads ``V4L2_TUNER_RADIO``.
    596
    5972. An optional driver access priority mechanism was added, see
    598   :ref:`app-pri` for details.
    599
    6003. The audio input and output interface was found to be incomplete.
    601
    602   Previously the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_AUDIO <VIDIOC_G_AUDIO>` ioctl would
    603   enumerate the available audio inputs. An ioctl to determine the
    604   current audio input, if more than one combines with the current video
    605   input, did not exist. So ``VIDIOC_G_AUDIO`` was renamed to
    606   ``VIDIOC_G_AUDIO_OLD``, this ioctl was removed on Kernel 2.6.39. The
    607   :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO` ioctl was added to
    608   enumerate audio inputs, while
    609   :ref:`VIDIOC_G_AUDIO <VIDIOC_G_AUDIO>` now reports the current
    610   audio input.
    611
    612   The same changes were made to
    613   :ref:`VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT <VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT>` and
    614   :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT <VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT>`.
    615
    616   Until further the "videodev" module will automatically translate
    617   between the old and new ioctls, but drivers and applications must be
    618   updated to successfully compile again.
    619
    6204. The :ref:`VIDIOC_OVERLAY` ioctl was incorrectly
    621   defined with write-read parameter. It was changed to write-only,
    622   while the write-read version was renamed to ``VIDIOC_OVERLAY_OLD``.
    623   The old ioctl was removed on Kernel 2.6.39. Until further the
    624   "videodev" kernel module will automatically translate to the new
    625   version, so drivers must be recompiled, but not applications.
    626
    6275. :ref:`overlay` incorrectly stated that clipping rectangles define
    628   regions where the video can be seen. Correct is that clipping
    629   rectangles define regions where *no* video shall be displayed and so
    630   the graphics surface can be seen.
    631
    6326. The :ref:`VIDIOC_S_PARM <VIDIOC_G_PARM>` and
    633   :ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` ioctls were defined with
    634   write-only parameter, inconsistent with other ioctls modifying their
    635   argument. They were changed to write-read, while a ``_OLD`` suffix
    636   was added to the write-only versions. The old ioctls were removed on
    637   Kernel 2.6.39. Drivers and applications assuming a constant parameter
    638   need an update.
    639
    640V4L2 2003-11-05
    641===============
    642
    6431. In :ref:`pixfmt-rgb` the following pixel formats were incorrectly
    644   transferred from Bill Dirks' V4L2 specification. Descriptions below
    645   refer to bytes in memory, in ascending address order.
    646
    647
    648   .. flat-table::
    649       :header-rows:  1
    650       :stub-columns: 0
    651
    652       * - Symbol
    653	 - In this document prior to revision 0.5
    654	 - Corrected
    655       * - ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB24``
    656	 - B, G, R
    657	 - R, G, B
    658       * - ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24``
    659	 - R, G, B
    660	 - B, G, R
    661       * - ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB32``
    662	 - B, G, R, X
    663	 - R, G, B, X
    664       * - ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR32``
    665	 - R, G, B, X
    666	 - B, G, R, X
    667
    668   The ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24`` example was always correct.
    669
    670   In :ref:`v4l-image-properties` the mapping of the V4L
    671   ``VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB24`` and ``VIDEO_PALETTE_RGB32`` formats to V4L2
    672   pixel formats was accordingly corrected.
    673
    6742. Unrelated to the fixes above, drivers may still interpret some V4L2
    675   RGB pixel formats differently. These issues have yet to be addressed,
    676   for details see :ref:`pixfmt-rgb`.
    677
    678V4L2 in Linux 2.6.6, 2004-05-09
    679===============================
    680
    6811. The :ref:`VIDIOC_CROPCAP` ioctl was incorrectly
    682   defined with read-only parameter. It is now defined as write-read
    683   ioctl, while the read-only version was renamed to
    684   ``VIDIOC_CROPCAP_OLD``. The old ioctl was removed on Kernel 2.6.39.
    685
    686V4L2 in Linux 2.6.8
    687===================
    688
    6891. A new field ``input`` (former ``reserved[0]``) was added to the
    690   struct v4l2_buffer. Purpose of this
    691   field is to alternate between video inputs (e. g. cameras) in step
    692   with the video capturing process. This function must be enabled with
    693   the new ``V4L2_BUF_FLAG_INPUT`` flag. The ``flags`` field is no
    694   longer read-only.
    695
    696V4L2 spec erratum 2004-08-01
    697============================
    698
    6991. The return value of the :ref:`func-open` function was incorrectly
    700   documented.
    701
    7022. Audio output ioctls end in -AUDOUT, not -AUDIOOUT.
    703
    7043. In the Current Audio Input example the ``VIDIOC_G_AUDIO`` ioctl took
    705   the wrong argument.
    706
    7074. The documentation of the :ref:`VIDIOC_QBUF` and
    708   :ref:`VIDIOC_DQBUF <VIDIOC_QBUF>` ioctls did not mention the
    709   struct v4l2_buffer ``memory`` field. It was
    710   also missing from examples. Also on the ``VIDIOC_DQBUF`` page the ``EIO``
    711   error code was not documented.
    712
    713V4L2 in Linux 2.6.14
    714====================
    715
    7161. A new sliced VBI interface was added. It is documented in
    717   :ref:`sliced` and replaces the interface first proposed in V4L2
    718   specification 0.8.
    719
    720V4L2 in Linux 2.6.15
    721====================
    722
    7231. The :ref:`VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS` ioctl was added.
    724
    7252. New video standards ``V4L2_STD_NTSC_443``, ``V4L2_STD_SECAM_LC``,
    726   ``V4L2_STD_SECAM_DK`` (a set of SECAM D, K and K1), and
    727   ``V4L2_STD_ATSC`` (a set of ``V4L2_STD_ATSC_8_VSB`` and
    728   ``V4L2_STD_ATSC_16_VSB``) were defined. Note the ``V4L2_STD_525_60``
    729   set now includes ``V4L2_STD_NTSC_443``. See also
    730   :ref:`v4l2-std-id`.
    731
    7323. The ``VIDIOC_G_COMP`` and ``VIDIOC_S_COMP`` ioctl were renamed to
    733   ``VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP`` and ``VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP`` respectively. Their
    734   argument was replaced by a struct
    735   ``v4l2_mpeg_compression`` pointer. (The
    736   ``VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP`` and ``VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP`` ioctls where removed
    737   in Linux 2.6.25.)
    738
    739V4L2 spec erratum 2005-11-27
    740============================
    741
    742The capture example in :ref:`capture-example` called the
    743:ref:`VIDIOC_S_CROP <VIDIOC_G_CROP>` ioctl without checking if
    744cropping is supported. In the video standard selection example in
    745:ref:`standard` the :ref:`VIDIOC_S_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>` call used
    746the wrong argument type.
    747
    748V4L2 spec erratum 2006-01-10
    749============================
    750
    7511. The ``V4L2_IN_ST_COLOR_KILL`` flag in struct v4l2_input not only
    752   indicates if the color killer is enabled, but also if it is active.
    753   (The color killer disables color decoding when it detects no color
    754   in the video signal to improve the image quality.)
    755
    7562. :ref:`VIDIOC_S_PARM <VIDIOC_G_PARM>` is a write-read ioctl, not
    757   write-only as stated on its reference page. The ioctl changed in 2003
    758   as noted above.
    759
    760V4L2 spec erratum 2006-02-03
    761============================
    762
    7631. In struct v4l2_captureparm and struct v4l2_outputparm the ``timeperframe``
    764   field gives the time in seconds, not microseconds.
    765
    766V4L2 spec erratum 2006-02-04
    767============================
    768
    7691. The ``clips`` field in struct v4l2_window
    770   must point to an array of struct v4l2_clip, not
    771   a linked list, because drivers ignore the
    772   struct v4l2_clip. ``next`` pointer.
    773
    774V4L2 in Linux 2.6.17
    775====================
    776
    7771. New video standard macros were added: ``V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_KR`` (NTSC M
    778   South Korea), and the sets ``V4L2_STD_MN``, ``V4L2_STD_B``,
    779   ``V4L2_STD_GH`` and ``V4L2_STD_DK``. The ``V4L2_STD_NTSC`` and
    780   ``V4L2_STD_SECAM`` sets now include ``V4L2_STD_NTSC_M_KR`` and
    781   ``V4L2_STD_SECAM_LC`` respectively.
    782
    7832. A new ``V4L2_TUNER_MODE_LANG1_LANG2`` was defined to record both
    784   languages of a bilingual program. The use of
    785   ``V4L2_TUNER_MODE_STEREO`` for this purpose is deprecated now. See
    786   the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_TUNER <VIDIOC_G_TUNER>` section for details.
    787
    788V4L2 spec erratum 2006-09-23 (Draft 0.15)
    789=========================================
    790
    7911. In various places ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_CAPTURE`` and
    792   ``V4L2_BUF_TYPE_SLICED_VBI_OUTPUT`` of the sliced VBI interface were
    793   not mentioned along with other buffer types.
    794
    7952. In :ref:`VIDIOC_G_AUDIO <VIDIOC_G_AUDIO>` it was clarified that the
    796   struct v4l2_audio ``mode`` field is a flags field.
    797
    7983. :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCAP` did not mention the sliced VBI and radio
    799   capability flags.
    800
    8014. In :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY <VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY>` it was clarified that
    802   applications must initialize the tuner ``type`` field of
    803   struct v4l2_frequency before calling
    804   :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY <VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY>`.
    805
    8065. The ``reserved`` array in struct v4l2_requestbuffers has 2 elements,
    807   not 32.
    808
    8096. In :ref:`output` and :ref:`raw-vbi` the device file names
    810   ``/dev/vout`` which never caught on were replaced by ``/dev/video``.
    811
    8127. With Linux 2.6.15 the possible range for VBI device minor numbers was
    813   extended from 224-239 to 224-255. Accordingly device file names
    814   ``/dev/vbi0`` to ``/dev/vbi31`` are possible now.
    815
    816V4L2 in Linux 2.6.18
    817====================
    818
    8191. New ioctls :ref:`VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS <VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS>`,
    820   :ref:`VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS <VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS>` and
    821   :ref:`VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS <VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS>` were added, a
    822   flag to skip unsupported controls with
    823   :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL`, new control types
    824   ``V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_INTEGER64`` and ``V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_CTRL_CLASS``
    825   (enum v4l2_ctrl_type), and new control flags
    826   ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_READ_ONLY``, ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_UPDATE``,
    827   ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_INACTIVE`` and ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_SLIDER``
    828   (:ref:`control-flags`). See :ref:`extended-controls` for details.
    829
    830V4L2 in Linux 2.6.19
    831====================
    832
    8331. In struct v4l2_sliced_vbi_cap a
    834   buffer type field was added replacing a reserved field. Note on
    835   architectures where the size of enum types differs from int types the
    836   size of the structure changed. The
    837   :ref:`VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP <VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP>` ioctl
    838   was redefined from being read-only to write-read. Applications must
    839   initialize the type field and clear the reserved fields now. These
    840   changes may *break the compatibility* with older drivers and
    841   applications.
    842
    8432. The ioctls :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES`
    844   and
    845   :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS`
    846   were added.
    847
    8483. A new pixel format ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_RGB444`` (:ref:`pixfmt-rgb`) was
    849   added.
    850
    851V4L2 spec erratum 2006-10-12 (Draft 0.17)
    852=========================================
    853
    8541. ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_HM12`` (:ref:`reserved-formats`) is a YUV 4:2:0, not
    855   4:2:2 format.
    856
    857V4L2 in Linux 2.6.21
    858====================
    859
    8601. The ``videodev2.h`` header file is now dual licensed under GNU
    861   General Public License version two or later, and under a 3-clause
    862   BSD-style license.
    863
    864V4L2 in Linux 2.6.22
    865====================
    866
    8671. Two new field orders ``V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED_TB`` and
    868   ``V4L2_FIELD_INTERLACED_BT`` were added. See enum v4l2_field for
    869   details.
    870
    8712. Three new clipping/blending methods with a global or straight or
    872   inverted local alpha value were added to the video overlay interface.
    873   See the description of the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>`
    874   and :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FBUF <VIDIOC_G_FBUF>` ioctls for details.
    875
    876   A new ``global_alpha`` field was added to struct v4l2_window,
    877   extending the structure. This may **break compatibility** with
    878   applications using a struct v4l2_window directly. However the
    879   :ref:`VIDIOC_G/S/TRY_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctls, which take a
    880   pointer to a struct v4l2_format parent structure
    881   with padding bytes at the end, are not affected.
    882
    8833. The format of the ``chromakey`` field in struct v4l2_window changed from
    884   "host order RGB32" to a pixel value in the same format as the framebuffer.
    885   This may **break compatibility** with existing applications. Drivers
    886   supporting the "host order RGB32" format are not known.
    887
    888V4L2 in Linux 2.6.24
    889====================
    890
    8911. The pixel formats ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAL8``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV444``,
    892   ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV555``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV565`` and
    893   ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV32`` were added.
    894
    895V4L2 in Linux 2.6.25
    896====================
    897
    8981. The pixel formats :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-Y16>` and
    899   :ref:`V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16 <V4L2-PIX-FMT-SBGGR16>` were added.
    900
    9012. New :ref:`controls <control>` ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY``,
    902   ``V4L2_CID_HUE_AUTO``, ``V4L2_CID_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE``,
    903   ``V4L2_CID_SHARPNESS`` and ``V4L2_CID_BACKLIGHT_COMPENSATION`` were
    904   added. The controls ``V4L2_CID_BLACK_LEVEL``, ``V4L2_CID_WHITENESS``,
    905   ``V4L2_CID_HCENTER`` and ``V4L2_CID_VCENTER`` were deprecated.
    906
    9073. A :ref:`Camera controls class <camera-controls>` was added, with
    908   the new controls ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_AUTO``,
    909   ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_ABSOLUTE``, ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_AUTO_PRIORITY``,
    910   ``V4L2_CID_PAN_RELATIVE``, ``V4L2_CID_TILT_RELATIVE``,
    911   ``V4L2_CID_PAN_RESET``, ``V4L2_CID_TILT_RESET``,
    912   ``V4L2_CID_PAN_ABSOLUTE``, ``V4L2_CID_TILT_ABSOLUTE``,
    913   ``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE``, ``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_RELATIVE`` and
    914   ``V4L2_CID_FOCUS_AUTO``.
    915
    9164. The ``VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP`` and ``VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP`` ioctls, which
    917   were superseded by the :ref:`extended controls <extended-controls>`
    918   interface in Linux 2.6.18, where finally removed from the
    919   ``videodev2.h`` header file.
    920
    921V4L2 in Linux 2.6.26
    922====================
    923
    9241. The pixel formats ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16`` and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16``
    925   were added.
    926
    9272. Added user controls ``V4L2_CID_CHROMA_AGC`` and
    928   ``V4L2_CID_COLOR_KILLER``.
    929
    930V4L2 in Linux 2.6.27
    931====================
    932
    9331. The :ref:`VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK` ioctl
    934   and the ``V4L2_CAP_HW_FREQ_SEEK`` capability were added.
    935
    9362. The pixel formats ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PCA501``,
    937   ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PCA505``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PCA508``,
    938   ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PCA561``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8``,
    939   ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PAC207`` and ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_PJPG`` were added.
    940
    941V4L2 in Linux 2.6.28
    942====================
    943
    9441. Added ``V4L2_MPEG_AUDIO_ENCODING_AAC`` and
    945   ``V4L2_MPEG_AUDIO_ENCODING_AC3`` MPEG audio encodings.
    946
    9472. Added ``V4L2_MPEG_VIDEO_ENCODING_MPEG_4_AVC`` MPEG video encoding.
    948
    9493. The pixel formats ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10`` and
    950   ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10DPCM8`` were added.
    951
    952V4L2 in Linux 2.6.29
    953====================
    954
    9551. The ``VIDIOC_G_CHIP_IDENT`` ioctl was renamed to
    956   ``VIDIOC_G_CHIP_IDENT_OLD`` and ``VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_IDENT`` was
    957   introduced in its place. The old struct ``v4l2_chip_ident`` was renamed to
    958   struct ``v4l2_chip_ident_old``.
    959
    9602. The pixel formats ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_VYUY``, ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16`` and
    961   ``V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61`` were added.
    962
    9633. Added camera controls ``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_ABSOLUTE``,
    964   ``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_RELATIVE``, ``V4L2_CID_ZOOM_CONTINUOUS`` and
    965   ``V4L2_CID_PRIVACY``.
    966
    967V4L2 in Linux 2.6.30
    968====================
    969
    9701. New control flag ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_WRITE_ONLY`` was added.
    971
    9722. New control ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX`` was added.
    973
    974V4L2 in Linux 2.6.32
    975====================
    976
    9771. In order to be easier to compare a V4L2 API and a kernel version, now
    978   V4L2 API is numbered using the Linux Kernel version numeration.
    979
    9802. Finalized the RDS capture API. See :ref:`rds` for more information.
    981
    9823. Added new capabilities for modulators and RDS encoders.
    983
    9844. Add description for libv4l API.
    985
    9865. Added support for string controls via new type
    987   ``V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_STRING``.
    988
    9896. Added ``V4L2_CID_BAND_STOP_FILTER`` documentation.
    990
    9917. Added FM Modulator (FM TX) Extended Control Class:
    992   ``V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_FM_TX`` and their Control IDs.
    993
    9948. Added FM Receiver (FM RX) Extended Control Class:
    995   ``V4L2_CTRL_CLASS_FM_RX`` and their Control IDs.
    996
    9979. Added Remote Controller chapter, describing the default Remote
    998   Controller mapping for media devices.
    999
   1000V4L2 in Linux 2.6.33
   1001====================
   1002
   10031. Added support for Digital Video timings in order to support HDTV
   1004   receivers and transmitters.
   1005
   1006V4L2 in Linux 2.6.34
   1007====================
   1008
   10091. Added ``V4L2_CID_IRIS_ABSOLUTE`` and ``V4L2_CID_IRIS_RELATIVE``
   1010   controls to the :ref:`Camera controls class <camera-controls>`.
   1011
   1012V4L2 in Linux 2.6.37
   1013====================
   1014
   10151. Remove the vtx (videotext/teletext) API. This API was no longer used
   1016   and no hardware exists to verify the API. Nor were any userspace
   1017   applications found that used it. It was originally scheduled for
   1018   removal in 2.6.35.
   1019
   1020V4L2 in Linux 2.6.39
   1021====================
   1022
   10231. The old VIDIOC_*_OLD symbols and V4L1 support were removed.
   1024
   10252. Multi-planar API added. Does not affect the compatibility of current
   1026   drivers and applications. See :ref:`multi-planar API <planar-apis>`
   1027   for details.
   1028
   1029V4L2 in Linux 3.1
   1030=================
   1031
   10321. VIDIOC_QUERYCAP now returns a per-subsystem version instead of a
   1033   per-driver one.
   1034
   1035   Standardize an error code for invalid ioctl.
   1036
   1037   Added V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_BITMASK.
   1038
   1039V4L2 in Linux 3.2
   1040=================
   1041
   10421. V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_VOLATILE was added to signal volatile controls to
   1043   userspace.
   1044
   10452. Add selection API for extended control over cropping and composing.
   1046   Does not affect the compatibility of current drivers and
   1047   applications. See :ref:`selection API <selection-api>` for details.
   1048
   1049V4L2 in Linux 3.3
   1050=================
   1051
   10521. Added ``V4L2_CID_ALPHA_COMPONENT`` control to the
   1053   :ref:`User controls class <control>`.
   1054
   10552. Added the device_caps field to struct v4l2_capabilities and added
   1056   the new V4L2_CAP_DEVICE_CAPS capability.
   1057
   1058V4L2 in Linux 3.4
   1059=================
   1060
   10611. Added :ref:`JPEG compression control class <jpeg-controls>`.
   1062
   10632. Extended the DV Timings API:
   1064   :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_TIMINGS`,
   1065   :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_TIMINGS` and
   1066   :ref:`VIDIOC_DV_TIMINGS_CAP`.
   1067
   1068V4L2 in Linux 3.5
   1069=================
   1070
   10711. Added integer menus, the new type will be
   1072   V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_INTEGER_MENU.
   1073
   10742. Added selection API for V4L2 subdev interface:
   1075   :ref:`VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION` and
   1076   :ref:`VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION <VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION>`.
   1077
   10783. Added ``V4L2_COLORFX_ANTIQUE``, ``V4L2_COLORFX_ART_FREEZE``,
   1079   ``V4L2_COLORFX_AQUA``, ``V4L2_COLORFX_SILHOUETTE``,
   1080   ``V4L2_COLORFX_SOLARIZATION``, ``V4L2_COLORFX_VIVID`` and
   1081   ``V4L2_COLORFX_ARBITRARY_CBCR`` menu items to the
   1082   ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX`` control.
   1083
   10844. Added ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX_CBCR`` control.
   1085
   10865. Added camera controls ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_EXPOSURE_BIAS``,
   1087   ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_N_PRESET_WHITE_BALANCE``,
   1088   ``V4L2_CID_IMAGE_STABILIZATION``, ``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY``,
   1089   ``V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY_AUTO``, ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_METERING``,
   1090   ``V4L2_CID_SCENE_MODE``, ``V4L2_CID_3A_LOCK``,
   1091   ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_START``, ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_STOP``,
   1092   ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_STATUS`` and ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_RANGE``.
   1093
   1094V4L2 in Linux 3.6
   1095=================
   1096
   10971. Replaced ``input`` in struct v4l2_buffer by
   1098   ``reserved2`` and removed ``V4L2_BUF_FLAG_INPUT``.
   1099
   11002. Added V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M and V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE
   1101   capabilities.
   1102
   11033. Added support for frequency band enumerations:
   1104   :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUM_FREQ_BANDS`.
   1105
   1106V4L2 in Linux 3.9
   1107=================
   1108
   11091. Added timestamp types to ``flags`` field in
   1110   struct v4l2_buffer. See :ref:`buffer-flags`.
   1111
   11122. Added ``V4L2_EVENT_CTRL_CH_RANGE`` control event changes flag. See
   1113   :ref:`ctrl-changes-flags`.
   1114
   1115V4L2 in Linux 3.10
   1116==================
   1117
   11181. Removed obsolete and unused DV_PRESET ioctls VIDIOC_G_DV_PRESET,
   1119   VIDIOC_S_DV_PRESET, VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_PRESET and
   1120   VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_PRESET. Remove the related v4l2_input/output
   1121   capability flags V4L2_IN_CAP_PRESETS and V4L2_OUT_CAP_PRESETS.
   1122
   11232. Added new debugging ioctl
   1124   :ref:`VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO`.
   1125
   1126V4L2 in Linux 3.11
   1127==================
   1128
   11291. Remove obsolete ``VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_IDENT`` ioctl.
   1130
   1131V4L2 in Linux 3.14
   1132==================
   1133
   11341. In struct v4l2_rect, the type of ``width`` and
   1135   ``height`` fields changed from _s32 to _u32.
   1136
   1137V4L2 in Linux 3.15
   1138==================
   1139
   11401. Added Software Defined Radio (SDR) Interface.
   1141
   1142V4L2 in Linux 3.16
   1143==================
   1144
   11451. Added event V4L2_EVENT_SOURCE_CHANGE.
   1146
   1147V4L2 in Linux 3.17
   1148==================
   1149
   11501. Extended struct v4l2_pix_format. Added
   1151   format flags.
   1152
   11532. Added compound control types and
   1154   :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL <VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL>`.
   1155
   1156V4L2 in Linux 3.18
   1157==================
   1158
   11591. Added ``V4L2_CID_PAN_SPEED`` and ``V4L2_CID_TILT_SPEED`` camera
   1160   controls.
   1161
   1162V4L2 in Linux 3.19
   1163==================
   1164
   11651. Rewrote Colorspace chapter, added new enum v4l2_ycbcr_encoding
   1166   and enum v4l2_quantization fields to struct v4l2_pix_format,
   1167   struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane and struct v4l2_mbus_framefmt.
   1168
   1169V4L2 in Linux 4.4
   1170=================
   1171
   11721. Renamed ``V4L2_TUNER_ADC`` to ``V4L2_TUNER_SDR``. The use of
   1173   ``V4L2_TUNER_ADC`` is deprecated now.
   1174
   11752. Added ``V4L2_CID_RF_TUNER_RF_GAIN`` RF Tuner control.
   1176
   11773. Added transmitter support for Software Defined Radio (SDR) Interface.
   1178
   1179.. _other:
   1180
   1181Relation of V4L2 to other Linux multimedia APIs
   1182===============================================
   1183
   1184.. _xvideo:
   1185
   1186X Video Extension
   1187-----------------
   1188
   1189The X Video Extension (abbreviated XVideo or just Xv) is an extension of
   1190the X Window system, implemented for example by the XFree86 project. Its
   1191scope is similar to V4L2, an API to video capture and output devices for
   1192X clients. Xv allows applications to display live video in a window,
   1193send window contents to a TV output, and capture or output still images
   1194in XPixmaps [#f1]_. With their implementation XFree86 makes the extension
   1195available across many operating systems and architectures.
   1196
   1197Because the driver is embedded into the X server Xv has a number of
   1198advantages over the V4L2 :ref:`video overlay interface <overlay>`. The
   1199driver can easily determine the overlay target, i. e. visible graphics
   1200memory or off-screen buffers for a destructive overlay. It can program
   1201the RAMDAC for a non-destructive overlay, scaling or color-keying, or
   1202the clipping functions of the video capture hardware, always in sync
   1203with drawing operations or windows moving or changing their stacking
   1204order.
   1205
   1206To combine the advantages of Xv and V4L a special Xv driver exists in
   1207XFree86 and XOrg, just programming any overlay capable Video4Linux
   1208device it finds. To enable it ``/etc/X11/XF86Config`` must contain these
   1209lines:
   1210
   1211::
   1212
   1213    Section "Module"
   1214	Load "v4l"
   1215    EndSection
   1216
   1217As of XFree86 4.2 this driver still supports only V4L ioctls, however it
   1218should work just fine with all V4L2 devices through the V4L2
   1219backward-compatibility layer. Since V4L2 permits multiple opens it is
   1220possible (if supported by the V4L2 driver) to capture video while an X
   1221client requested video overlay. Restrictions of simultaneous capturing
   1222and overlay are discussed in :ref:`overlay` apply.
   1223
   1224Only marginally related to V4L2, XFree86 extended Xv to support hardware
   1225YUV to RGB conversion and scaling for faster video playback, and added
   1226an interface to MPEG-2 decoding hardware. This API is useful to display
   1227images captured with V4L2 devices.
   1228
   1229Digital Video
   1230-------------
   1231
   1232V4L2 does not support digital terrestrial, cable or satellite broadcast.
   1233A separate project aiming at digital receivers exists. You can find its
   1234homepage at `https://linuxtv.org <https://linuxtv.org>`__. The Linux
   1235DVB API has no connection to the V4L2 API except that drivers for hybrid
   1236hardware may support both.
   1237
   1238Audio Interfaces
   1239----------------
   1240
   1241[to do - OSS/ALSA]
   1242
   1243.. _experimental:
   1244
   1245Experimental API Elements
   1246=========================
   1247
   1248The following V4L2 API elements are currently experimental and may
   1249change in the future.
   1250
   1251-  :ref:`VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER` and
   1252   :ref:`VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER <VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER>` ioctls.
   1253
   1254-  :ref:`VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_INFO` ioctl.
   1255
   1256.. _obsolete:
   1257
   1258Obsolete API Elements
   1259=====================
   1260
   1261The following V4L2 API elements were superseded by new interfaces and
   1262should not be implemented in new drivers.
   1263
   1264-  ``VIDIOC_G_MPEGCOMP`` and ``VIDIOC_S_MPEGCOMP`` ioctls. Use Extended
   1265   Controls, :ref:`extended-controls`.
   1266
   1267-  VIDIOC_G_DV_PRESET, VIDIOC_S_DV_PRESET,
   1268   VIDIOC_ENUM_DV_PRESETS and VIDIOC_QUERY_DV_PRESET ioctls. Use
   1269   the DV Timings API (:ref:`dv-timings`).
   1270
   1271-  ``VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_CROP`` and ``VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_CROP`` ioctls. Use
   1272   ``VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION`` and ``VIDIOC_SUBDEV_S_SELECTION``,
   1273   :ref:`VIDIOC_SUBDEV_G_SELECTION`.
   1274
   1275.. [#f1]
   1276   This is not implemented in XFree86.