cachepc-linux

Fork of AMDESE/linux with modifications for CachePC side-channel attack
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checkpoint.c (23389B)


      1// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
      2/*
      3 * linux/fs/jbd2/checkpoint.c
      4 *
      5 * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1999
      6 *
      7 * Copyright 1999 Red Hat Software --- All Rights Reserved
      8 *
      9 * Checkpoint routines for the generic filesystem journaling code.
     10 * Part of the ext2fs journaling system.
     11 *
     12 * Checkpointing is the process of ensuring that a section of the log is
     13 * committed fully to disk, so that that portion of the log can be
     14 * reused.
     15 */
     16
     17#include <linux/time.h>
     18#include <linux/fs.h>
     19#include <linux/jbd2.h>
     20#include <linux/errno.h>
     21#include <linux/slab.h>
     22#include <linux/blkdev.h>
     23#include <trace/events/jbd2.h>
     24
     25/*
     26 * Unlink a buffer from a transaction checkpoint list.
     27 *
     28 * Called with j_list_lock held.
     29 */
     30static inline void __buffer_unlink_first(struct journal_head *jh)
     31{
     32	transaction_t *transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
     33
     34	jh->b_cpnext->b_cpprev = jh->b_cpprev;
     35	jh->b_cpprev->b_cpnext = jh->b_cpnext;
     36	if (transaction->t_checkpoint_list == jh) {
     37		transaction->t_checkpoint_list = jh->b_cpnext;
     38		if (transaction->t_checkpoint_list == jh)
     39			transaction->t_checkpoint_list = NULL;
     40	}
     41}
     42
     43/*
     44 * Unlink a buffer from a transaction checkpoint(io) list.
     45 *
     46 * Called with j_list_lock held.
     47 */
     48static inline void __buffer_unlink(struct journal_head *jh)
     49{
     50	transaction_t *transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
     51
     52	__buffer_unlink_first(jh);
     53	if (transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list == jh) {
     54		transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list = jh->b_cpnext;
     55		if (transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list == jh)
     56			transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list = NULL;
     57	}
     58}
     59
     60/*
     61 * Move a buffer from the checkpoint list to the checkpoint io list
     62 *
     63 * Called with j_list_lock held
     64 */
     65static inline void __buffer_relink_io(struct journal_head *jh)
     66{
     67	transaction_t *transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
     68
     69	__buffer_unlink_first(jh);
     70
     71	if (!transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list) {
     72		jh->b_cpnext = jh->b_cpprev = jh;
     73	} else {
     74		jh->b_cpnext = transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list;
     75		jh->b_cpprev = transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list->b_cpprev;
     76		jh->b_cpprev->b_cpnext = jh;
     77		jh->b_cpnext->b_cpprev = jh;
     78	}
     79	transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list = jh;
     80}
     81
     82/*
     83 * Check a checkpoint buffer could be release or not.
     84 *
     85 * Requires j_list_lock
     86 */
     87static inline bool __cp_buffer_busy(struct journal_head *jh)
     88{
     89	struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);
     90
     91	return (jh->b_transaction || buffer_locked(bh) || buffer_dirty(bh));
     92}
     93
     94/*
     95 * __jbd2_log_wait_for_space: wait until there is space in the journal.
     96 *
     97 * Called under j-state_lock *only*.  It will be unlocked if we have to wait
     98 * for a checkpoint to free up some space in the log.
     99 */
    100void __jbd2_log_wait_for_space(journal_t *journal)
    101__acquires(&journal->j_state_lock)
    102__releases(&journal->j_state_lock)
    103{
    104	int nblocks, space_left;
    105	/* assert_spin_locked(&journal->j_state_lock); */
    106
    107	nblocks = journal->j_max_transaction_buffers;
    108	while (jbd2_log_space_left(journal) < nblocks) {
    109		write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
    110		mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
    111
    112		/*
    113		 * Test again, another process may have checkpointed while we
    114		 * were waiting for the checkpoint lock. If there are no
    115		 * transactions ready to be checkpointed, try to recover
    116		 * journal space by calling cleanup_journal_tail(), and if
    117		 * that doesn't work, by waiting for the currently committing
    118		 * transaction to complete.  If there is absolutely no way
    119		 * to make progress, this is either a BUG or corrupted
    120		 * filesystem, so abort the journal and leave a stack
    121		 * trace for forensic evidence.
    122		 */
    123		write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
    124		if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT) {
    125			mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
    126			return;
    127		}
    128		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    129		space_left = jbd2_log_space_left(journal);
    130		if (space_left < nblocks) {
    131			int chkpt = journal->j_checkpoint_transactions != NULL;
    132			tid_t tid = 0;
    133
    134			if (journal->j_committing_transaction)
    135				tid = journal->j_committing_transaction->t_tid;
    136			spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    137			write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
    138			if (chkpt) {
    139				jbd2_log_do_checkpoint(journal);
    140			} else if (jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail(journal) == 0) {
    141				/* We were able to recover space; yay! */
    142				;
    143			} else if (tid) {
    144				/*
    145				 * jbd2_journal_commit_transaction() may want
    146				 * to take the checkpoint_mutex if JBD2_FLUSHED
    147				 * is set.  So we need to temporarily drop it.
    148				 */
    149				mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
    150				jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
    151				write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
    152				continue;
    153			} else {
    154				printk(KERN_ERR "%s: needed %d blocks and "
    155				       "only had %d space available\n",
    156				       __func__, nblocks, space_left);
    157				printk(KERN_ERR "%s: no way to get more "
    158				       "journal space in %s\n", __func__,
    159				       journal->j_devname);
    160				WARN_ON(1);
    161				jbd2_journal_abort(journal, -EIO);
    162			}
    163			write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
    164		} else {
    165			spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    166		}
    167		mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
    168	}
    169}
    170
    171static void
    172__flush_batch(journal_t *journal, int *batch_count)
    173{
    174	int i;
    175	struct blk_plug plug;
    176
    177	blk_start_plug(&plug);
    178	for (i = 0; i < *batch_count; i++)
    179		write_dirty_buffer(journal->j_chkpt_bhs[i], REQ_SYNC);
    180	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
    181
    182	for (i = 0; i < *batch_count; i++) {
    183		struct buffer_head *bh = journal->j_chkpt_bhs[i];
    184		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "brelse");
    185		__brelse(bh);
    186	}
    187	*batch_count = 0;
    188}
    189
    190/*
    191 * Perform an actual checkpoint. We take the first transaction on the
    192 * list of transactions to be checkpointed and send all its buffers
    193 * to disk. We submit larger chunks of data at once.
    194 *
    195 * The journal should be locked before calling this function.
    196 * Called with j_checkpoint_mutex held.
    197 */
    198int jbd2_log_do_checkpoint(journal_t *journal)
    199{
    200	struct journal_head	*jh;
    201	struct buffer_head	*bh;
    202	transaction_t		*transaction;
    203	tid_t			this_tid;
    204	int			result, batch_count = 0;
    205
    206	jbd_debug(1, "Start checkpoint\n");
    207
    208	/*
    209	 * First thing: if there are any transactions in the log which
    210	 * don't need checkpointing, just eliminate them from the
    211	 * journal straight away.
    212	 */
    213	result = jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail(journal);
    214	trace_jbd2_checkpoint(journal, result);
    215	jbd_debug(1, "cleanup_journal_tail returned %d\n", result);
    216	if (result <= 0)
    217		return result;
    218
    219	/*
    220	 * OK, we need to start writing disk blocks.  Take one transaction
    221	 * and write it.
    222	 */
    223	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    224	if (!journal->j_checkpoint_transactions)
    225		goto out;
    226	transaction = journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
    227	if (transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_chp_time == 0)
    228		transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_chp_time = jiffies;
    229	this_tid = transaction->t_tid;
    230restart:
    231	/*
    232	 * If someone cleaned up this transaction while we slept, we're
    233	 * done (maybe it's a new transaction, but it fell at the same
    234	 * address).
    235	 */
    236	if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions != transaction ||
    237	    transaction->t_tid != this_tid)
    238		goto out;
    239
    240	/* checkpoint all of the transaction's buffers */
    241	while (transaction->t_checkpoint_list) {
    242		jh = transaction->t_checkpoint_list;
    243		bh = jh2bh(jh);
    244
    245		if (buffer_locked(bh)) {
    246			get_bh(bh);
    247			spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    248			wait_on_buffer(bh);
    249			/* the journal_head may have gone by now */
    250			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "brelse");
    251			__brelse(bh);
    252			goto retry;
    253		}
    254		if (jh->b_transaction != NULL) {
    255			transaction_t *t = jh->b_transaction;
    256			tid_t tid = t->t_tid;
    257
    258			transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_forced_to_close++;
    259			spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    260			if (unlikely(journal->j_flags & JBD2_UNMOUNT))
    261				/*
    262				 * The journal thread is dead; so
    263				 * starting and waiting for a commit
    264				 * to finish will cause us to wait for
    265				 * a _very_ long time.
    266				 */
    267				printk(KERN_ERR
    268		"JBD2: %s: Waiting for Godot: block %llu\n",
    269		journal->j_devname, (unsigned long long) bh->b_blocknr);
    270
    271			if (batch_count)
    272				__flush_batch(journal, &batch_count);
    273			jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
    274			/*
    275			 * jbd2_journal_commit_transaction() may want
    276			 * to take the checkpoint_mutex if JBD2_FLUSHED
    277			 * is set, jbd2_update_log_tail() called by
    278			 * jbd2_journal_commit_transaction() may also take
    279			 * checkpoint_mutex.  So we need to temporarily
    280			 * drop it.
    281			 */
    282			mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
    283			jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
    284			mutex_lock_io(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
    285			spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    286			goto restart;
    287		}
    288		if (!buffer_dirty(bh)) {
    289			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "remove from checkpoint");
    290			if (__jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh))
    291				/* The transaction was released; we're done */
    292				goto out;
    293			continue;
    294		}
    295		/*
    296		 * Important: we are about to write the buffer, and
    297		 * possibly block, while still holding the journal
    298		 * lock.  We cannot afford to let the transaction
    299		 * logic start messing around with this buffer before
    300		 * we write it to disk, as that would break
    301		 * recoverability.
    302		 */
    303		BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "queue");
    304		get_bh(bh);
    305		J_ASSERT_BH(bh, !buffer_jwrite(bh));
    306		journal->j_chkpt_bhs[batch_count++] = bh;
    307		__buffer_relink_io(jh);
    308		transaction->t_chp_stats.cs_written++;
    309		if ((batch_count == JBD2_NR_BATCH) ||
    310		    need_resched() ||
    311		    spin_needbreak(&journal->j_list_lock))
    312			goto unlock_and_flush;
    313	}
    314
    315	if (batch_count) {
    316		unlock_and_flush:
    317			spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    318		retry:
    319			if (batch_count)
    320				__flush_batch(journal, &batch_count);
    321			spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    322			goto restart;
    323	}
    324
    325	/*
    326	 * Now we issued all of the transaction's buffers, let's deal
    327	 * with the buffers that are out for I/O.
    328	 */
    329restart2:
    330	/* Did somebody clean up the transaction in the meanwhile? */
    331	if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions != transaction ||
    332	    transaction->t_tid != this_tid)
    333		goto out;
    334
    335	while (transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list) {
    336		jh = transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list;
    337		bh = jh2bh(jh);
    338		if (buffer_locked(bh)) {
    339			get_bh(bh);
    340			spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    341			wait_on_buffer(bh);
    342			/* the journal_head may have gone by now */
    343			BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "brelse");
    344			__brelse(bh);
    345			spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    346			goto restart2;
    347		}
    348
    349		/*
    350		 * Now in whatever state the buffer currently is, we
    351		 * know that it has been written out and so we can
    352		 * drop it from the list
    353		 */
    354		if (__jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh))
    355			break;
    356	}
    357out:
    358	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    359	result = jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail(journal);
    360
    361	return (result < 0) ? result : 0;
    362}
    363
    364/*
    365 * Check the list of checkpoint transactions for the journal to see if
    366 * we have already got rid of any since the last update of the log tail
    367 * in the journal superblock.  If so, we can instantly roll the
    368 * superblock forward to remove those transactions from the log.
    369 *
    370 * Return <0 on error, 0 on success, 1 if there was nothing to clean up.
    371 *
    372 * Called with the journal lock held.
    373 *
    374 * This is the only part of the journaling code which really needs to be
    375 * aware of transaction aborts.  Checkpointing involves writing to the
    376 * main filesystem area rather than to the journal, so it can proceed
    377 * even in abort state, but we must not update the super block if
    378 * checkpointing may have failed.  Otherwise, we would lose some metadata
    379 * buffers which should be written-back to the filesystem.
    380 */
    381
    382int jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail(journal_t *journal)
    383{
    384	tid_t		first_tid;
    385	unsigned long	blocknr;
    386
    387	if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
    388		return -EIO;
    389
    390	if (!jbd2_journal_get_log_tail(journal, &first_tid, &blocknr))
    391		return 1;
    392	J_ASSERT(blocknr != 0);
    393
    394	/*
    395	 * We need to make sure that any blocks that were recently written out
    396	 * --- perhaps by jbd2_log_do_checkpoint() --- are flushed out before
    397	 * we drop the transactions from the journal. It's unlikely this will
    398	 * be necessary, especially with an appropriately sized journal, but we
    399	 * need this to guarantee correctness.  Fortunately
    400	 * jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail() doesn't get called all that often.
    401	 */
    402	if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER)
    403		blkdev_issue_flush(journal->j_fs_dev);
    404
    405	return __jbd2_update_log_tail(journal, first_tid, blocknr);
    406}
    407
    408
    409/* Checkpoint list management */
    410
    411/*
    412 * journal_clean_one_cp_list
    413 *
    414 * Find all the written-back checkpoint buffers in the given list and
    415 * release them. If 'destroy' is set, clean all buffers unconditionally.
    416 *
    417 * Called with j_list_lock held.
    418 * Returns 1 if we freed the transaction, 0 otherwise.
    419 */
    420static int journal_clean_one_cp_list(struct journal_head *jh, bool destroy)
    421{
    422	struct journal_head *last_jh;
    423	struct journal_head *next_jh = jh;
    424
    425	if (!jh)
    426		return 0;
    427
    428	last_jh = jh->b_cpprev;
    429	do {
    430		jh = next_jh;
    431		next_jh = jh->b_cpnext;
    432
    433		if (!destroy && __cp_buffer_busy(jh))
    434			return 0;
    435
    436		if (__jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh))
    437			return 1;
    438		/*
    439		 * This function only frees up some memory
    440		 * if possible so we dont have an obligation
    441		 * to finish processing. Bail out if preemption
    442		 * requested:
    443		 */
    444		if (need_resched())
    445			return 0;
    446	} while (jh != last_jh);
    447
    448	return 0;
    449}
    450
    451/*
    452 * journal_shrink_one_cp_list
    453 *
    454 * Find 'nr_to_scan' written-back checkpoint buffers in the given list
    455 * and try to release them. If the whole transaction is released, set
    456 * the 'released' parameter. Return the number of released checkpointed
    457 * buffers.
    458 *
    459 * Called with j_list_lock held.
    460 */
    461static unsigned long journal_shrink_one_cp_list(struct journal_head *jh,
    462						unsigned long *nr_to_scan,
    463						bool *released)
    464{
    465	struct journal_head *last_jh;
    466	struct journal_head *next_jh = jh;
    467	unsigned long nr_freed = 0;
    468	int ret;
    469
    470	if (!jh || *nr_to_scan == 0)
    471		return 0;
    472
    473	last_jh = jh->b_cpprev;
    474	do {
    475		jh = next_jh;
    476		next_jh = jh->b_cpnext;
    477
    478		(*nr_to_scan)--;
    479		if (__cp_buffer_busy(jh))
    480			continue;
    481
    482		nr_freed++;
    483		ret = __jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(jh);
    484		if (ret) {
    485			*released = true;
    486			break;
    487		}
    488
    489		if (need_resched())
    490			break;
    491	} while (jh != last_jh && *nr_to_scan);
    492
    493	return nr_freed;
    494}
    495
    496/*
    497 * jbd2_journal_shrink_checkpoint_list
    498 *
    499 * Find 'nr_to_scan' written-back checkpoint buffers in the journal
    500 * and try to release them. Return the number of released checkpointed
    501 * buffers.
    502 *
    503 * Called with j_list_lock held.
    504 */
    505unsigned long jbd2_journal_shrink_checkpoint_list(journal_t *journal,
    506						  unsigned long *nr_to_scan)
    507{
    508	transaction_t *transaction, *last_transaction, *next_transaction;
    509	bool released;
    510	tid_t first_tid = 0, last_tid = 0, next_tid = 0;
    511	tid_t tid = 0;
    512	unsigned long nr_freed = 0;
    513	unsigned long nr_scanned = *nr_to_scan;
    514
    515again:
    516	spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    517	if (!journal->j_checkpoint_transactions) {
    518		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    519		goto out;
    520	}
    521
    522	/*
    523	 * Get next shrink transaction, resume previous scan or start
    524	 * over again. If some others do checkpoint and drop transaction
    525	 * from the checkpoint list, we ignore saved j_shrink_transaction
    526	 * and start over unconditionally.
    527	 */
    528	if (journal->j_shrink_transaction)
    529		transaction = journal->j_shrink_transaction;
    530	else
    531		transaction = journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
    532
    533	if (!first_tid)
    534		first_tid = transaction->t_tid;
    535	last_transaction = journal->j_checkpoint_transactions->t_cpprev;
    536	next_transaction = transaction;
    537	last_tid = last_transaction->t_tid;
    538	do {
    539		transaction = next_transaction;
    540		next_transaction = transaction->t_cpnext;
    541		tid = transaction->t_tid;
    542		released = false;
    543
    544		nr_freed += journal_shrink_one_cp_list(transaction->t_checkpoint_list,
    545						       nr_to_scan, &released);
    546		if (*nr_to_scan == 0)
    547			break;
    548		if (need_resched() || spin_needbreak(&journal->j_list_lock))
    549			break;
    550		if (released)
    551			continue;
    552
    553		nr_freed += journal_shrink_one_cp_list(transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list,
    554						       nr_to_scan, &released);
    555		if (*nr_to_scan == 0)
    556			break;
    557		if (need_resched() || spin_needbreak(&journal->j_list_lock))
    558			break;
    559	} while (transaction != last_transaction);
    560
    561	if (transaction != last_transaction) {
    562		journal->j_shrink_transaction = next_transaction;
    563		next_tid = next_transaction->t_tid;
    564	} else {
    565		journal->j_shrink_transaction = NULL;
    566		next_tid = 0;
    567	}
    568
    569	spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    570	cond_resched();
    571
    572	if (*nr_to_scan && next_tid)
    573		goto again;
    574out:
    575	nr_scanned -= *nr_to_scan;
    576	trace_jbd2_shrink_checkpoint_list(journal, first_tid, tid, last_tid,
    577					  nr_freed, nr_scanned, next_tid);
    578
    579	return nr_freed;
    580}
    581
    582/*
    583 * journal_clean_checkpoint_list
    584 *
    585 * Find all the written-back checkpoint buffers in the journal and release them.
    586 * If 'destroy' is set, release all buffers unconditionally.
    587 *
    588 * Called with j_list_lock held.
    589 */
    590void __jbd2_journal_clean_checkpoint_list(journal_t *journal, bool destroy)
    591{
    592	transaction_t *transaction, *last_transaction, *next_transaction;
    593	int ret;
    594
    595	transaction = journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
    596	if (!transaction)
    597		return;
    598
    599	last_transaction = transaction->t_cpprev;
    600	next_transaction = transaction;
    601	do {
    602		transaction = next_transaction;
    603		next_transaction = transaction->t_cpnext;
    604		ret = journal_clean_one_cp_list(transaction->t_checkpoint_list,
    605						destroy);
    606		/*
    607		 * This function only frees up some memory if possible so we
    608		 * dont have an obligation to finish processing. Bail out if
    609		 * preemption requested:
    610		 */
    611		if (need_resched())
    612			return;
    613		if (ret)
    614			continue;
    615		/*
    616		 * It is essential that we are as careful as in the case of
    617		 * t_checkpoint_list with removing the buffer from the list as
    618		 * we can possibly see not yet submitted buffers on io_list
    619		 */
    620		ret = journal_clean_one_cp_list(transaction->
    621				t_checkpoint_io_list, destroy);
    622		if (need_resched())
    623			return;
    624		/*
    625		 * Stop scanning if we couldn't free the transaction. This
    626		 * avoids pointless scanning of transactions which still
    627		 * weren't checkpointed.
    628		 */
    629		if (!ret)
    630			return;
    631	} while (transaction != last_transaction);
    632}
    633
    634/*
    635 * Remove buffers from all checkpoint lists as journal is aborted and we just
    636 * need to free memory
    637 */
    638void jbd2_journal_destroy_checkpoint(journal_t *journal)
    639{
    640	/*
    641	 * We loop because __jbd2_journal_clean_checkpoint_list() may abort
    642	 * early due to a need of rescheduling.
    643	 */
    644	while (1) {
    645		spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    646		if (!journal->j_checkpoint_transactions) {
    647			spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    648			break;
    649		}
    650		__jbd2_journal_clean_checkpoint_list(journal, true);
    651		spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
    652		cond_resched();
    653	}
    654}
    655
    656/*
    657 * journal_remove_checkpoint: called after a buffer has been committed
    658 * to disk (either by being write-back flushed to disk, or being
    659 * committed to the log).
    660 *
    661 * We cannot safely clean a transaction out of the log until all of the
    662 * buffer updates committed in that transaction have safely been stored
    663 * elsewhere on disk.  To achieve this, all of the buffers in a
    664 * transaction need to be maintained on the transaction's checkpoint
    665 * lists until they have been rewritten, at which point this function is
    666 * called to remove the buffer from the existing transaction's
    667 * checkpoint lists.
    668 *
    669 * The function returns 1 if it frees the transaction, 0 otherwise.
    670 * The function can free jh and bh.
    671 *
    672 * This function is called with j_list_lock held.
    673 */
    674int __jbd2_journal_remove_checkpoint(struct journal_head *jh)
    675{
    676	struct transaction_chp_stats_s *stats;
    677	transaction_t *transaction;
    678	journal_t *journal;
    679	struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);
    680
    681	JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "entry");
    682
    683	transaction = jh->b_cp_transaction;
    684	if (!transaction) {
    685		JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "not on transaction");
    686		return 0;
    687	}
    688	journal = transaction->t_journal;
    689
    690	JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "removing from transaction");
    691
    692	/*
    693	 * If we have failed to write the buffer out to disk, the filesystem
    694	 * may become inconsistent. We cannot abort the journal here since
    695	 * we hold j_list_lock and we have to be careful about races with
    696	 * jbd2_journal_destroy(). So mark the writeback IO error in the
    697	 * journal here and we abort the journal later from a better context.
    698	 */
    699	if (buffer_write_io_error(bh))
    700		set_bit(JBD2_CHECKPOINT_IO_ERROR, &journal->j_atomic_flags);
    701
    702	__buffer_unlink(jh);
    703	jh->b_cp_transaction = NULL;
    704	percpu_counter_dec(&journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count);
    705	jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(jh);
    706
    707	/* Is this transaction empty? */
    708	if (transaction->t_checkpoint_list || transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list)
    709		return 0;
    710
    711	/*
    712	 * There is one special case to worry about: if we have just pulled the
    713	 * buffer off a running or committing transaction's checkpoing list,
    714	 * then even if the checkpoint list is empty, the transaction obviously
    715	 * cannot be dropped!
    716	 *
    717	 * The locking here around t_state is a bit sleazy.
    718	 * See the comment at the end of jbd2_journal_commit_transaction().
    719	 */
    720	if (transaction->t_state != T_FINISHED)
    721		return 0;
    722
    723	/*
    724	 * OK, that was the last buffer for the transaction, we can now
    725	 * safely remove this transaction from the log.
    726	 */
    727	stats = &transaction->t_chp_stats;
    728	if (stats->cs_chp_time)
    729		stats->cs_chp_time = jbd2_time_diff(stats->cs_chp_time,
    730						    jiffies);
    731	trace_jbd2_checkpoint_stats(journal->j_fs_dev->bd_dev,
    732				    transaction->t_tid, stats);
    733
    734	__jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(journal, transaction);
    735	jbd2_journal_free_transaction(transaction);
    736	return 1;
    737}
    738
    739/*
    740 * journal_insert_checkpoint: put a committed buffer onto a checkpoint
    741 * list so that we know when it is safe to clean the transaction out of
    742 * the log.
    743 *
    744 * Called with the journal locked.
    745 * Called with j_list_lock held.
    746 */
    747void __jbd2_journal_insert_checkpoint(struct journal_head *jh,
    748			       transaction_t *transaction)
    749{
    750	JBUFFER_TRACE(jh, "entry");
    751	J_ASSERT_JH(jh, buffer_dirty(jh2bh(jh)) || buffer_jbddirty(jh2bh(jh)));
    752	J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_cp_transaction == NULL);
    753
    754	/* Get reference for checkpointing transaction */
    755	jbd2_journal_grab_journal_head(jh2bh(jh));
    756	jh->b_cp_transaction = transaction;
    757
    758	if (!transaction->t_checkpoint_list) {
    759		jh->b_cpnext = jh->b_cpprev = jh;
    760	} else {
    761		jh->b_cpnext = transaction->t_checkpoint_list;
    762		jh->b_cpprev = transaction->t_checkpoint_list->b_cpprev;
    763		jh->b_cpprev->b_cpnext = jh;
    764		jh->b_cpnext->b_cpprev = jh;
    765	}
    766	transaction->t_checkpoint_list = jh;
    767	percpu_counter_inc(&transaction->t_journal->j_checkpoint_jh_count);
    768}
    769
    770/*
    771 * We've finished with this transaction structure: adios...
    772 *
    773 * The transaction must have no links except for the checkpoint by this
    774 * point.
    775 *
    776 * Called with the journal locked.
    777 * Called with j_list_lock held.
    778 */
    779
    780void __jbd2_journal_drop_transaction(journal_t *journal, transaction_t *transaction)
    781{
    782	assert_spin_locked(&journal->j_list_lock);
    783
    784	journal->j_shrink_transaction = NULL;
    785	if (transaction->t_cpnext) {
    786		transaction->t_cpnext->t_cpprev = transaction->t_cpprev;
    787		transaction->t_cpprev->t_cpnext = transaction->t_cpnext;
    788		if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == transaction)
    789			journal->j_checkpoint_transactions =
    790				transaction->t_cpnext;
    791		if (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == transaction)
    792			journal->j_checkpoint_transactions = NULL;
    793	}
    794
    795	J_ASSERT(transaction->t_state == T_FINISHED);
    796	J_ASSERT(transaction->t_buffers == NULL);
    797	J_ASSERT(transaction->t_forget == NULL);
    798	J_ASSERT(transaction->t_shadow_list == NULL);
    799	J_ASSERT(transaction->t_checkpoint_list == NULL);
    800	J_ASSERT(transaction->t_checkpoint_io_list == NULL);
    801	J_ASSERT(atomic_read(&transaction->t_updates) == 0);
    802	J_ASSERT(journal->j_committing_transaction != transaction);
    803	J_ASSERT(journal->j_running_transaction != transaction);
    804
    805	trace_jbd2_drop_transaction(journal, transaction);
    806
    807	jbd_debug(1, "Dropping transaction %d, all done\n", transaction->t_tid);
    808}